In the previous page, we provided a blueprint of gravity and star formation. Now, it is the aim of this page to continue with that blueprint trend in taking a look at galaxies. We start with their births.

The Universe that was endowed, from its birth, with a spin will generate a whirling xenofluid around its axis of spin (AOS), i.e., a vortex. The nearby stars will be sucked in creating a star cluster that will grow in density with time by acquiring many more stars that will fall in. And that continuos grow in star acquisitions is due to the volatility of the Universe's AOS that continuously fluctuates executing undulated wavelike motions resulting from uneven gravitational pools of its nearby constituents.

Eventually with the overgrow of that star cluster, becoming now a megacluster (MEG), the Universe's vortex of its AOS will sputter out that MEG. That emerged spinning MEG thrown out by the vortex marks the birth of a galaxy endowed with the AOS vortex spin from its birth. We mark that recognition in

	The Fifteen Foundational Universal Recognition Of Nature (15th FURON):  All Galaxies are Born with a Spin.
The proof of that innate property rest first with the recognition that the Universe is a spinning entity. The vortex around the Universe's AOS, when "saturated," will eject the accumulated MEG. Upon ejection, MEG has acquired the vortex's spin. A baby galaxy (babygal) with a spin was born.

Pursuant to the finite evolutionary mark of creation (FE-UMOC), no act of creation (AOC) in Nature can exist without a finite end. And that apply, of course, to the Universe itself, to galaxies, to stars, and so on.

The end of a galaxy begins, from its birth, with the sustained loss of its constituting stars. Two independent factors act in the galaxy demise:

i) one, in the gradal deaths of its stars, ii) the other, in the "vanishing" act performed by its "center" due to its spin, as detailed below.

                                                          
After an extended period of time (that could be billion of years), that sustained star loss will eventually reach a point, called the critical point of peril (cripop), when the galaxy's morphology will change dramatically towards total extinction transforming itself not into Nothingness (by the permanent existential mark of creation, PE-UMOC), but into stellar "parts."

#1

First Galactic Theorem of the Spin (1st GATOS)

A galaxy, from its birth, is endowed with a self-destructive mechanism of eliminating its own constituting stars.

Proof: By 15th FURON, a galaxy, from its birth, is endowed with a spin around its own axis of spin (AOS). As such, the vortex "hole" (vorhol) around that AOS will begin sucking-in the closest stars from its AOS. Now, because the galaxy's AOS is neither solid nor fixed, its permanent wavelike fluctuation will attract new close-by stars to "fall" into its vorhol.                                                                 Once inside the galaxy's vorhol, those fallen stars will get "suffocated" resulting ultimately in their premature death. As in the case of a babygal that prior to its births was ejected from the Universe's vorhol, a "suffocated" star will have the same expellable fate. Now, because of those repeated expels, the galaxy's vorhol will become "empty" repeatedly, being capable, each time, of taking in new fall-in "victims." That self-destructive process will continue unabated until the galaxy's bitter end. QED

Remarks: 1. A baby galaxy (babygal), as is being catapulted from the Universe's vorhol, could collide with another revolving galaxy and be "swallowed" by it. That kind of galactic cannibalism (galacan) is not unusual. 2. On a global scale of the Universe, galacan becomes a grabbing galaxy (grabgal) whose axis of spin (AOS) coincides with that of the Universe. Now, grabal has become the seat of the Universe's vorhol. As such, grabal by being now a vorhol galaxy (vorgal) will begin the process of sucking-in and "gobbling" its nearby galaxies. An example of such a galacan is provided by grabal UGC 12914 galaxy (left) sucking-in the UGC 12915 galaxy that are nicknamed Taffy galaxies.                                                                   ==>  Addendum: Taffy galaxies are currently being represented as an example of galaxy collisions (galcolls). That representation is not correct because the sucking-in phenomenon  (accretion) needs not be confused with a galaxy collision (galcoll) as they are totally different phenomena. <> Aside from Baby Galaxies (Babygals) and close by to the Universe's axis of spin (AOS) galaxies, there are no other galaxy collisions (galcolls) in the Universe because of its dominating radial centrifugal force of the intrinsic spin that a spinoverse is endowed with, from its birth. As stated, galaxy accretion (galacc) needs not be confused with a nonexistent galaxy collision (galcoll)! <> Taffy galaxies are not an example of a galaxy collision (galcoll), but represent the vortex "hole" (vorhol) phenomenon where the axis of spin (AOS) of the Universe coincides with the axis of spin (AOS) of the Taffy galaxy UGC 12914 (on the left).

---

#2

Second Galactic Theorem of the Spin (2nd GATOS)

All galaxies, upon formation, will begin rushing away, diagonally, from the Universe's axis of spin.

Proof: The proof is a straightforward consequence of the recognition that the Universe is a spinning entity. With that recognition in place, we further recognize the existence of the radifugal and transifugal forces of its spin that act concomitantly in concert. QED

---

#3

Third Galactic Theorem of the Spin (3rd GATOS)

No galaxy can run away indefinitely from the Universe's axis of spin.

Proof: A galaxy is kept together by its axis of spin (AOS). That AOS is not rigid, being as such bendable. The strength of the dominating centrifugal (CF) force of the spinning Universe, increases with distance from the AOS of the Universe. As such, there will exist a finite distance, far away from the AOS of the Universe, where the CF-force will be so strong that it will overwhelm the galaxy's AOS resistance. The galaxy, at that critical distance, will loose its identity and disperse, being the end of galaxy's existence in conformity with the finitude characteristic of creation. QED

The Murky Observational Galactic (MOG) Zone

Observations, regardless how precise they may be, are notorious unreliable when done outside of our known habitat be it at the atomic/subatomic nano level or at the cosmic/galactic macro level.

It was Werner Heisenberg, through his HOIP, who first recognized of the impossibility of obtaining an accurate picture of the world "below" at the atomic/subatomic level since in order to "see" that world, we need to have light! But light, as Heisenberg famously recognized, when "on," is disturbing in a significant way that nano world providing to us, as such, a much distorted picture. He beautifully articulated that very point in his 1933 Nobel address.
==> Paraphrasing Werner Heisenberg: "What we observe is not Nature itself, but is Nature exposed to our method of observation!"

Now at the macro cosmic level, the observational method is of little use as they provide a superimposed 2-dimensional imageries in a 3-dimensional Cosmos. As such, from that flat superimposed 2-dimensional formed pictures, we can get only a useless superimposed galactic imagery (galagery). The famous "evolutionary" classification provided by Edwin Hubble is based on that kind of superimposed imageries.

.

The galactic images (galmages) provied by the Hubble telescope (on the left) as well as the newest enhanced 10 billion dollars Webb telescope (on the right) have ZERO scientific values in guiding us towards a rational theory of galaxy formations/evolution or of any other cosmic formation and evolution.

Making no mistake: Out of that sort of photographic data, no galaxy formation and evolution theory can ever be build on. In fact, no observational data alone can be a substitute for a rational theory of the Cosmos. Speculative Cosmology (Specos), based on the collected observational data (visual or photographic), should never ever be a substitute for the Rational Cosmology (Raticos) obtained from rational deductive reasoning free of speculations (as the one provided by the leading speculative Big-Bang theory). Instead of leaving alone questions that lack a rational explanation and follow Isaac Newton's guidance of "framing no hypotheses," a plethora of speculations over speculations appears to cover those gaps of knowledge (GOKs) with valueless dazzling cosmic imagery. What a sorrow state, the Cosmology has been and continues to be in!

The Galaxy Distribution   and Morphology Conundrum

As a result that conundrum, of finding a reliable method in obtaining accurate description of the Cosmos, we introduce now

. The Galactic Observational Indeterminacy (GOI) Principle

No rational theory of the Cosmos can be inferred from cosmic photographic imagery (cospim). The roots and connotations of a cosmic theory of Nature should always spring from deductive reasoning rather than from speculation backed by cospim. .

The GOI's Parallel Corollary

The GOI Principle leads us to the recognition that, at the cosmic level, there is a limit, called Cosmic Observational Limit (COLIM), beyond which we cannot get accurate representations.

Remark: The GOI Principle of the world "above" (i.e., of the cosmic-world) leading to COLIM, reveals the parallel that exists with the world "below" (i.e., with the atomic-world) as recognized first by Heisenberg in the observational limit there, leading us to UBOF.

The GOI's Foundational Corollary: On the Nonexistence of Galaxy Clusters The Sixteen Foundational Universal Recognition Of Nature (16th FURON):  The galactic hierarchical ceiling is the highest evolutionary formation in a universe.

No galaxy clusters, nor any higher evolutionary hierarchical cosmic plateaus (cosplons) exist in Nature. And that is because no such physical mechanism exists for a galaxy cluster to be formed nor for any other cosmic formation within a universe. Max Planck All referenced galaxy clusters (such as the Virgo Cluster, the Fornax Cluster, the Hercules Globular Cluster, or the Coma Cluster) do not exist in Nature. They exist only in some photographic plates that represent composite superimposed images of distant unrelated galaxies, for crying out loud.

The galaxy is indeed the ultimate tiered evolutionary structure (TES) in a universe, including ours, of course. As such, we can talk about the universe's galaxy ceiling that is the universe's evolutionary top (evotop) formation.