Evolutionary Biology Through the Foundation of
• T R U T O N •
The Rational Unified Theory Of Nature


Kalman Klim Brattman
Give me the simplest form of life,
and I will build, out of it, the biological world of Nature...
..
.

Selected

Evolutionary Biology

Topics

      Life
Decartes
 3. Biological Awareness (Biowareness) 
Congo peafowlCongo peafowl.

Bioware
biowareness

Animal awarness
  On Biological Awareness as
  Hallmark and Guardian of Life
  

poplifeOnce the preLife was able to pop-out and emerge into proLife, in order to be able to continue with its existence and development, it had to secure its three (3) basic supporting pillars of Life: food, defense, and shelter (fodesh) on the foundation of survex.

 Biosensor 
CROT
For that task
, Natural Selection (Natsel) created a multitude of biological sensors (biosensors) capable of picking up from their surrounding habitat certain distinctive characteristics such as smell, smoke, noise, light, temperature, humidity, and even the presence of a magnetic field. All those biosensors were available to be used, when needed, for Life to be able to adapt and find niches for its existence.

Five (5) distinct biosensors were able to emerge encompassing touch, vision, hearing, smell, and taste. The transmission of those stimuli were done via specific chemical reactions of transmission (CROTs).

ADAPTOC
envint
As such, for Life to continue with its existence it had to be endowed, from its birth, with environmental intercepts (envints) that channeled the direction of evolution.
Adaptability to change (adaptoc) based on those evolutionary directions became the windows from where species would evolve.

We mark that fundamental recognition of Life's evolution in
FURON
The Eighteen
Foundational Universal Recognition Of Nature (18th FURON): 
All Life is endowed with universal mobility guided by its environmental intercepts (envints).
• Without
envints, Life is doomed to self-extinction.
• The more
envints a species has, the more successful and resilient is going to be.

The variety of species in the plant and animal kingdoms that evolved from envints are staggering indeed. The mobility of Life that emerges as its universal characteristic is a direct result of those envints. Plants, like the sunflowers, rotate their heads to follow continuously the movement of the Sun. Birds, like pigeons, use Earth's magnetic field in determining their position and direction in their migration. Mobility guidances of that nature are mind-boggling indeed.

uboc

Fundamental Remarks:
Nature abhors a vacuum Life's universal mobility exists because of an underneath relationship that Life can establish with Nature. Life cannot exist in a vacuum.
That underneath relationship that Life can establish with Nature is done through an underneath existential passage called the Universal Bridge of Communication (UBOC).

Life abhors a vacuum.

memotelligence
xenotelligence
Xeno Intelligence
MEP For each stimulus, a memory ergo pallet (MEP) was created to be retrieved and used when needed. As such, some sort of a memory based "intelligence" (memotelligence) was needed to be born.
KOL The arrival of that strange intelligence (called also xeno intelligence or xenotelligence) in the Kingdom of Life (KOL) is truly monumental and is being recognized in here through
FURON
The Nineteen
Foundational Universal Recognition Of Nature (19th FURON): 
All Life is endowed with some form of Memotelligence.
Without
memotelligence, Life is doomed to self-extinction.


Natural selection.
Natsel Under the pressure of Natural Selection (natsel), the memotelligence, as a tool of survival, become increasingly in demand as a centerpiece survival tool. And that is because those retained MEPs would be able to shape the evolutionary direction of further development for that living. Without those MEPs that stored past events, a plant (or other primal livings) would be far less equiped for survival and, by sofit, it will have to perish.
We mark that important survival recognition into
:
tuataratuatara
The First Evolutionary Principle Of Survival (1st EPOS): Memotelligence

Only livings that are best equiped with a memory intelligence (memotelligence) will be able to survive the challenges of its environment provided that the respective environment can continue to harbor life.

EPOS

While the
1st EPOS is a necessary condition for a living to survive, that however is not a sufficient condition. And that is because the memotelligence of that living must incorporate, in addition, a sufficient large number of diverse MEPs capable to allow the living's memotelligence a range of diverse capabilities needed for adapting to new encountered environmental or bodily changes.
Charles Darwin fully recognized that livings that can adapt best to change are the ones that, in the end, will continue to survive, in the context of sofit.
We mark that pivotal recognition pioneered by
Darwin into:
tuataratuatara
The Second Evolutionary Principle Of Survival (2nd EPOS): Larger Diversity of MEPs

Only livings that have a larger number of diverse memory ergo pallets (MEPs) can adapt best to change and, as such, able to survive provided that the respective environment can continue to harbor life.

EPOS



Bioware
biowareness
biobrainBiotelligence
Memotelligence, as such, will create the ability of livings to recognize and react to its surroundings and to its bodily changes through a new developing trait, the biological awareness (biowareness) trait. That new trait, in turn, will set up for the formation of a biological brain, called biobrain, that becomes now the guardian of Life for all successful livings.

That all Life is endowed with a memory based "intelligence" necessary for its survival is flabbergasting indeed. As a result of that memotelligence, Life was able to be endowed with an adaptability to change (adaptoc) characteristic.
That
adaptoc charactheristic is responsible, as such, for the biological evolution (biolev) of Life. We mark that staggering adaptoc recognition, first posted by Charles Darwin into
FURON
The Twentieth
Foundational Universal Recognition Of Nature (20th FURON): 
The motor of Life's biological evolution is its adaptability to change (adaptoc).
Without
adaptoc, Life is doom to precarious stagnation leading to its self-extinction.

sofit As such, adaptoc that was created through Darwin's survival of the fittest (sofit), will provide the direction of evolution for Life to continue with its existence. And the direction of Life's evolution is continuously chiseled and guided by its evolving memotelligence.

Logichar
>
Planchar
toolet
=
survikit

<

The direction of evolution of
sofit culminated in xenotelligence with the addition, to its memory based characteristic, of a new intertwined logic based characteristic (logichar) able now to add a new dimension in securing fodesh. New features, such as Planning Characteristic (planchar) and Tool Creations (toolets), were able now to emerge out of logichar. That created survival kit (survikit) of Life's evolution added a fundamental new life-saving feature that is being now recognized in
FURON
The Twenty-First
Foundational Universal Recognition Of Nature (21th FURON): 

The arrival of Logic into the arsenal of xenotelligence added to Life its new groundbreaking Survival Kit (Survikit) package.

.




  
Camouflage
  Adaptoc in the Animal Kingdom (Anidom)  
In the
animal kingdom (anidom), stunning protective responses were able to evolve due to the continuous and relentless "chiseling" of natsel. The mimicry or the camouflage that have evolved are stunning examples of those adaptive responses driven by the Natural Selection applied to the defense component of fodesh.

The origin and the development of mimicry and camouflage can be explained with ease from Natural Selection (natsel), as outlined in
The Grand Theorem Of Biological Evolution:
The Mimicry and Camouflage as sublime byproducts of Natural Selection

Proofs:

Snake mimicry
The poisonous animals, to scare and advertise with their poison, were vested in very bright colors. Animals that were not poisenous that resembled the colors of the poisonous one were able to survive better than the one that did not resemble the poisonous ones. As natsel began selecting the ones resembling most the poisonous one, the mimicry was born. A color evolutionary transmutation (colevot) began by natsel of continuously perfecting the look of the mimics to approximate best the look of the poisonous animal. With that, the animal mimicry was born.

Owl Camouflage
On a different track, animals whose colors blended best with their environment were able to evade the most their predators and, as such, they were selected by natsel. Again a color evolutionary transmutation (colevot) began by natsel of continuously perfecting the look of the animals to blend best with their environment. The protective coloration, i.e., the animal camouflage was born.

QED.

Colevot

BIOHEC
On Biological Hierarchical Evolutionary Cycles (BIOHECs)

 In the biological world (BioWorld), two (2) distinct evolutionary platforms (evoPLATs) can be found to exist:
bindi --the base individual platform (bindiPLAT) and
elegro     --the elevated group platform (elegroPLAT).

Both those evolutionary hierarchical platforms (HIPLATs), the BINDI and the ELEGRO platforms, must (by the 2nd FUSON) have one and the same foundational evolutionary objective of existence (obex) --that of being able to stay stronger and expand faster and further of their arena of existence (arex) than the rest.
That is to say that
obex, on both platforms, must be driven by the same foundational evolutionary engine that Darwin's principle of Natural Selection (natsel) provides through its "survival of the fittest" (sofit) structural filter.

At the base individual platform --the bindiPLAT, the obex is vested in the natural process of selecting the individual that is able to adapt best to environmental changes, i.e., the one with the best adaptoc.
bioALT
Biological Altruism (BioALT)
At the elevated group platform --the elegroPLAT, the obex must also be vested in selecting the fittest survivable groups within a species, i.e., selecting the groups with best adaptocs.
That selection now is not between individuals
, but is between groups. The process of that group selection must now be examined anew because the ELEGRO group platform is distinct from the one of BINDI.

Darwin, in his 1871 "The Descent of Man" book, discussed the origin of the altruistic and self-sacrificial behaviour of humans. There, he recognized (pp. 163-168 ibidem) that the self-sacrificial behaviour of a member, although disadvantageous for the member that could perish in the "line of duty," might be beneficial for the group, as a whole, because the group has acquired an added level of alert and/or protection that will generate a higher adaptoc grade.
As such
, at the group level, Darwin recognized, that sofit will select those groups that are endowed with the best protective mechanisms. And that is indeed a monumental recognition that

at the expense of some members that could perish (by sacrificing themselves for the common good of the group), the group that has evolved into having self-sacrificing members as sentinels, alerting and/or defending the incoming predators, will have the upper hand of adapting in surviving when compared with the groups that lack such protective altruistic "soldiers."


From those considerations, the Biological Altruism (BioALT) was born as being the sofit's group mechanism of natural selection towards achieving its obex.

biolev
The recognition that sofit, at the ELEGRO group level, will lead to the creation and evolution of altruism is indeed most remarkable. In addition, the fact that sofit manifests its existence markedly different in the two biological hierarchical platforms (HIPLATs) governing Nature, the bindiPLAT and the elegroPLAT, reveals of the complexity and the intricacies of biological evolution (biolev).
 

Ubinol
Biocom
On the Ultimate Biological Necessity of Life (Ubinol):
Biological Communication (Biocom)

 All forms of Life have evolved with one common necessity, that of communication both internally and externally for being able to best adapt to change (adaptoc).
The internal communication is between cells needed for the body's self-defense towards microbial and viral intruders.

That form of comunication is a chemical communication done via CROTs.

The external comunication is for territorial defense, attracting mates, establish dominance, coordination and planning for defense or offense, etc.

Biocom
anidom
anicom
plantdom
plantcom

While in the
animal kingdom (anidom) that animal comunication (anicom) is most visible and was known to exist from immemorial times, in the plant kingdom (plantdom) that plant communication (plantcom) is much less visible and was recognized to exist only from a few decades ago.

coplant
systcosystcoOn the Plant Communication (plantcom)  
Plant groups, in order to best adapt to change (adaptoc) in their respective environments, had by natural selection (natsel), to develop a system of communication (systco) capable of contacting other nearby plants forming local community plant (coplant) networks. Those coplants, that are ELEGRO groups, because of having a systco, were better equiped for their survival than the plant groups that do not have.

And that is because through such a systco, the members of a coplant were able, if needed, to receive:

plant

• water and nutrients from the nearby companions,
• distressing signals allowing them to alter their behavior into a defensive posture against invading predators.


Thus, in a
coplant, we have emitters and receivers. While the benefits of the receivers are obvious, the ones of the emitters are not. Thus, the question that needs to receive an answer is this:
WHY Natural Selection selected such an evolutionary path
?
The Answer
Well
, the answer to this is that the altruistic characteristic that exists in the animal kingdom (anidom) exists also in the plant kingdom (plantdom) as detailed below.

Plantalt
On the Plant Altruism (Plantalt)
Natural selection (natsel) at the group level, as recognized by Darwin, will always select the groups that have altruistic emitters capable to enhance the survivability of the group, as a whole. Thus, coplants with emitters will always be selected over the ones that ones that do not have such altruistic members.

In addition of having altruistic emitters, some
coplants could engage in chemical warfares to claim territory and force other plants (like weeds) off their land.

Two of the main venues available to coplants for accomplishing their functions are:

• one, with releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, and
• the other, with secreting special chemicals into the soil.


With the recognition that
altruism occurs not only in the animal kingdom (anidom), but also in the plant kingdom (plantdom), we add now this:

FURON
The Twenty-Second
Foundational Universal Recognition Of Nature (22th FURON): 

All evolved Life is endowed with an altruistic charactheristics that is propelled by Natural Selection.

.
.
.
anicom

Bird communication.

communication-9

  .

systcosystcoOn the Animal Communication (anicom)

In the animal kingdom (anidom), the animal comunication (anicom) is done via a complex system of communication (systco) that includes a number of modes:

Apes communication
Oy Vey: Catherine (Cat) Hobaiter, University of St Andrews

dog-cat communication

monkeys communication

elephant communication

bird comunication

types of animal communication

bird vocalization


Maternal communication
Photo: Dave Shaffer, bear wildlife photographer.
via visualization incorporating gestures, facial expression, gaze-following, color change and bioluminescence;
via vocalization vested in animal languages and culminating with to the human language;
via sense of smell or olfaction being the oldest method of communication via a chemical, less understood, form of communication;
via specialization vested in electric (electro-communication) and touch communications;
via vibratory seismic mode where self-generated vibrational signals are being transmitted through the soil, water, or other platforms; and finally,
via thermal (or thermo-reception) mode perceiving temperature differences from a heat or thermal flux.
.
Peafowl Photo by Alfonso Duran: The Peafowl with the chicks on the move...



Owl Laugh
  On Animal Consciousness,
As a Byproduct of Evolution  
Dominance ranking
HIRAP Asides from creating the biological sensors (biosensors), Darwin's Natsel, began working simultaneously on a placement self-awareness ranking platform, called the hierarchical ranking pick (hirap) platform, designed to enhance the stability of animal groups within a species by eliminating the unnecessary infightings between its members. Since the limited resources of a habitat and mating opportunities were the principal sources of infightings, an emerged dominant higher-ranking individual, called an alpha, was designed to put at bay its subordinate-ranking individuals stoping, as such, those infightings.

animal consciousness
animal consciousness
Elephant famoly
Anicon
aniwareness
aniware
anitelligence
anibrain
markpoint
That self-awareness development, of establishing the ranking placement of a member in a group, is the marking point (markpoint) of animal consciousness (anicon) referred also as the animal awareness (aniwareness). From that markpoint, the animal consciousness (anicon) was able now to take off big time...

animal alertness

The animal ware (aniware) characteristic is also the markpoint where the animal intelligence (anitelligence) begins to emerge into the formation of the animal brain (anibrain). Again, from that markpoint, the animal brain (anibrain) was able now to take off big time...

evanco

The picture above (enlarged here) with the cat and the dog taking a nap together is one of the stunning example of evolutionary animal consciousness (evanco).

Plant Consciousness
plantciousness

On Plant Consciousness, As a Byproduct of Evolution 
The consciousness is not exclusive to the the animal kingdom (anidom) as it exist, in a different form, in the plant kingdom (plantdom), called plantciousness, as detailed below.

planware
plantwareness
senar We start with the recognition that plants have acquired, through natural selection (natsel), an environmental awareness, called plantwareness or simply plantware, that allows them to sense and react (senar) to various environmental conditions such as light, gravity, touch, smell, or vibration.

• A visible, most common, example of sunlight-senar is the Sunflower.

• All plants evolved to aquire the touch-senar and the gravity-senar as plants are able to sense the touch and the gravity (called gravitropism).

The gravitropism clearly can visible be seen in the plant's directional movements and development. Indeed, in roots, gravity is sensed by making them to elongate in the direction of gravity. In shoots, growth occurs in the opposite direction, a phenomenon known as the negative gravitropism.

The touch-senar clearly can visible be seen in the so-called "sensitive plant" (Mimosa pudica) that responds quickly to even the slightest physical touch by folding its thin pinnate leaves pointing downwards. And in the carnivorous plants, such as the Venus flytrap (Dionæa muscipula), its specialized leaf snap shut when touched or landed upon by insects.

• The smell-senar of plants can visible be seen in the insect infected plants that produce distinctive volatile odors, that in turn, can be perceived by neighbouring plants that can trigger a number of CROT defenses.

• The vibratoty-senar of plants, in response to vibrations created during herbivory, is done with the release of certain CROTs (such as glucosinolate and anthocyanin).


plantelligence

As in the case of animal awareness (aniwareness), the plant awareness (plantwareness) will generate a memory-based distinctive plant intelligence (plantelligence).

Plants, for sure, do not have brains nor neuronal structures like animals do, but they have CROT biochemical pathways that are able to generate memory ergo pallets (MEPs) leading to the formation of the memory-based plantelligence as recognized in the 19th FURON.


PDS
distressnal
SAFNow, the plant consciousness (plantciousness) existence is a foregoing conclussion that is being expressed through sophisticated CROT interactions with their soil and, with their shared siblings and foes (SAF) that they recognize to exist.
However
, aside from that sibling and foes (SAF) recognition, the ultimate visible expression of that plantciousness is the plant's distress signal (PDS). Yes, upon attack, plants emit distress signals, called distressnals.

GLV BTW: The aroma of freshness that we smell after lawn mowing the grass, is in fact the grass' PDS after its harsh and painful haircut!
Grass and other leafy plants routinely emit a variety of vaporous distress signals called green leaf volatiles (GLVs).


That plants actually feel pain and relate that pain through PDS is mind-boggling as that felling of pain (FOP) is central in recognizing the existence of plant's consciousness.


With that last mind-boggling inference, we are ready now to enunciate this transcending biological recognition of Life vested in
FURON
The Twenty-Third
Foundational Universal Recognition Of Nature (23rd FURON): 
All Life is endowed and exhibits some form of Consciousness.

consciousness
animal alertnessanimal alertness where consciousness is defined as the awaken state of double awareness (asoda):
   of the living's own existence (aka, internal existence) and
   of the environmental surrounding existence (aka, external existence).
Without consciousness
, Life of a living is doomed to extreme fragility leading to its self-extinction.

ASODA

FEPOL
All Life
Plant-Insect

To recap, we have recognized that all Life is endowed with some form of memory-based inteligence (memotelligence), with some form of logic-based characteristic (logichar), with some sort of altruistic charactheristic, and with some form of consciousness.
Those four
(4) foundational underlying characteristics of Life are the pillars of the Foundational Evolutionary Platform Of Life (FEPOL).

Plant-Insect

The consciousness and communication that stand as the pillars of Life have an underlying common denominator (CODE) vested in their underlying CROTs as recognized in

FURON
The Twenty-Fourth Foundational Universal Recognition Of Nature (24th FURON): 
All Life transmits its Consciousness and Communications via an underlying substratum made of CROTs.

CROT
Chemical reactions of transmission (CROTs), that are at the substratum of all Life, would create individual genetic signals (genesigs) whose characteristics would be related to the modality of their releases.

The dazzling examples produced by a worker honeybee with its spectacular and mind-boggling waggle dance or the aromatic distress call of the grass that is being cut, are stunning diverse examples of their commonality through which the genesigs evolved from natural selection (natsel) mechanisms.

 Remark: Using the mathematical lingo, we say that Life's underlying CODE is modulo genesig.

genesig

 
HARBEN
  On the Hardship Benefit (HARBEN) Principle of Plant and Animal Biology  
FOR PLANTS (Plantdom):
By 1st TOFEC, moderate sustained hardship should be beneficial for plants. As such, proper lawn mowing, viewed as moderate hardship, should be beneficial to the grass.
How Come
?, i.e., Why is that beneficial to the grass and, in which way that hardship benefit (HARBEN) manifests its existence?

The Answer
Notwithstanding the grass' distress signal (
PDS), the proper lawn mowing is beneficial on two fronts:

one, that the released GLVs contains some natural antibiotics helping the roots to get stronger, and
the other one, that mowing helps grass grow thicker because by suppressing the horizontal growth, it forces the grass to spread and grow thicker near the roots.


FOR ANIMALS (Anidom):
The moderate sustained hardship in the animal kingdom (
anidom), will generate to those recipients additional MEPs which in turn, by the 2nd EPOS, will be most beneficial. For the evolved human species, see the analysis below.

On the Ecopressure Influence at the Current Evolved Human Species  


Now, as a curiosity and interest, we want to turn our attention to the individual influence of the
ecopressure towards the current evolved human species. When, if at all, that ecopress influence is most beneficial --that is what we are interested the most in finding out.
Enviropress All biotic and abiotic life, at its emergence, experience an inherent environmental pressure (enviropress) that evolves into an ecological pressure (ecopress) as life begins to develop.
developmental years
The developmental stage of life is crucial in the final outcome of an individual, as follows:

If the individual had experienced no any additional ecopress, then such an individual will end up in mediocrity, at best. Overprotection is the main culprit.
In short
, overprotection is damming for the future of that individual as recognized in the Detrimental Charactheristic of the 2nd TOFEC.
If, on the other hand, the said individual experiences at the beginning of his/her adolescence (around age 10) a moderate strangulation (such as the death of a parent, of a sibling, or a divorce of his/her parents, or still of abusing parents, or severe financial household distress), then such a moderate strangulation will be most beneficial for the future of that individual.
Timing
, when the said moderate strangulation should commence, is of essence. If is too early or too late, in the life of the individual, then that will annihilate completely the beneficial effect. The earliest time when the biowareness factor becomes the dominating factor is essential for the beneficial outcome.
There is absolutely no exception whatsoever from this rule. Without such moderate strangulation, the individual will grow into obliviousness, as there is nothing in the developmental stage to stimulate awareness and, as such, to break the normalcy.

Without elevated awareness in the infantile period, the developmental stage become much murky and unsettled. And finally,
In the case that the strangulation is not moderate, but sever, then that is the worst possible scenario, being in most case lethal or being very dangerous and a failure on so many levels.

.
Nelson Mandela: The glory of living
Nelson Mandela
evoBIO From the above evolutionary biology (evoBIO) recognition that without hardship in the developmental stage of life, the outcome, at best, is bleak, we are ready now to formulate
COLP
The Cruelty Of Life Paradox (COLP)
In order to get ahead in life, one needs, in the developmental years, to be exposed to a rather strong and somewhat prolonged hardship, called "strangulation." Without such a "strangulation" exposure, the individual, at best, will end up in the sub-mediocrity slot, and at worst, in the disaster one. Overprotection is the main culprit.
WARNING:
OVERPROTECTING PARENTING
IS DAMMING...

.

Achievers
Corollary to COLP
: On the Achievers
Those who have became out-of-the-ordinary achievers or those who will become in the future, were not that "in spite of" the strangulation (aka the hardship) received during their developmental years, they have reached the stardom, but were "because of" it.

Offspring from overprotecting parents will never become out-of-the-ordinary achievers.

QED.

Panda

epoObservation: One massive prevalent case of underachievers are to be found in today's Communist China. And that is because of the extreme parental overprotection (epo) over there, that is almost universal.
Continue It is not an accident, that out of a population of over 1.4 billion, there is not one single Nobel Prize laureate in Science coming from Red China. In addition, asides from epo, a significant contributing factor for that lack of Chinese science achievers is because of the singular evolutionary distorted logic functionality that was ingrained into the Han-Chinese Mind as posted herein.

.

Finally, we end up this page with a rather fundamental question:
 Does Life has a Purpose (acquired or infused) and, if so, What that Purpose Is
Well
, most certainty Life, by being formed accidentally from complex chemical reactions, was not being infused with a purpose by anything, as God herein is not part of Nature's creation. Thus, if Life has a purpose, then that purpose has to be an acquired one.

evolinA primal tenet of creation was recognized to be its preservation tendency of existence added with a resistance to change, articulated in PT-UMOC and RL-UMOC, respectively. Thus, Life's purpose is its survivability that can be achieved only through a sustained evolutionary lineage (evolin). We mark that ultimate evolutionary recognition into
FURON
The Twenty-Fifth
Foundational Universal Recognition Of Nature (25th FURON): 
lineagesurvivability
 All
Life is endowed with an ultimate purpose that is of its continued survival achieved through a sustained evolutionary lineage.  
evolin

And before we leave,
swanone more thing...
Hubert Reeves on God and Nature
If God is not in the picture and Life appeared to pop-up in an accidental manner, the question that begs for an answer is
 from where Life got its guidance, pursuing its evolutionary development? 

Well, the simple answer is that no guidance of any sort is there. But, if that is so, that no agent is there to exist in guiding the development of Life, then the question that now needs to be answered is
  how Life has been able to find its evolutionary path
The answer again is quite simple: through accidental random mutations (randomuts) that were able to pop-up accidentally acquiring the best
adaptoc. Thus, the engine of Life's development is being fueled by the accidental pop-up randomuts.

We mark this ultimate underlying recognition of Nature into
FURON
The Twenty-Sixth
Foundational Universal Recognition Of Nature (26th FURON): 
 ADAPTOC
The ultimate engine of biological evolution is fueled by the accidental pop-up randomuts able to have the best capability of surviving and adapting to change (adaptoc). 
randomut

Remarks:
1
. That is to say, that Nature's architects are the randomuts. And
2
. There will be situations where none of the created randomuts of a species will be able to create or find, for their continued existence, a passage of survival (pos). In those failing situations, such a species will perish becoming extinct.
Thus
, we can talk of the existence of evolutionary background normal extinctions (normexes) phenomena that need to be differentiated from the abnormal mass extinctions (massexes).

 

 

normexposNature's architects

 

Biology cannot breathe without Evolution as Religion cannot breathe without God...
    
Bratu Klim, webmasterBratu Klim, webmaster

 Kalman Klim Brattman